Annals of Research in Engineering and Environmental Technology

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A HORNING MACHINE

B. N. G. Aliemeke — 2023-11-22

The development of a horning machine has been successfully carried out. It outlines the comprehensive design and construction process of an electric motor-driven horning machine tailored for precision machining tasks in industrial settings. The development of this machine is a response to the growing demand for efficient and accurate horning operations. Through meticulous selection of components, including a 1.5hp electric motor with a speed of 1425rpm, a shaft diameter of 25mm, and a torque of 7.12Nm, coupled with precise engineering calculations, the resulting machine promises to deliver high-quality horning capabilities. The construction phase involved the integration of these components into a cohesive system, followed by thorough testing and evaluation to ensure optimal performance and reliability.

EVALUATION OF FORWARD, REVERSE AND HYBRID OSMOSIS AS DESALINATION OPTIONS FOR SEAWATER

John Igboke Elebe — 2023-11-22

In this project, the different technologies that are needed for desalination are compared by ranking using the rate of foulant rejection by semi-permeable membrane, energy consumption and the feasibility of the cost. The purpose of this work is to assess the economic feasibility of forward osmosis and reverse osmosis process for co-treatment of seawater and impaired water. Reverse osmosis has been in use for desalination process of saline water and treatment for advance reclamation of water leading to indirect potable water reuse. But the system is energy intensive, sensitive for membrane fouling, and rejections of salt, micro-pollutants of some membrane are incomplete. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the economic performance of the process stated below: Comparative performance of the combination of forward osmosis and reverse osmosis desalination, effect of membrane fouling and solute rejection (micro-pollutants). Recommendation and cost estimation of FO-RO hybrid system for concurrent treatment of wastewater and saline water. The result showed that membrane desalination processes are economically more feasible than thermal process due to excess heat involved in thermal process. But for hybrid processes, the combination of FO and RO are economically more feasible due to non-existence of external pressure in FO which is the major basis for increasing the energy usage and cost involved in the RO desalination process. The research demonstrates that membrane desalination of sea water is outgrowing traditional practices for serving freshwater needs through thermal desalination process. Hence, this work should thus serve as a paradigm for water security in developing countries, in Europe and regions facing energy challenges.

DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTIPURPOSE INDIRECT SOLAR DRYER

K.A Yusuf — 2023-11-22

This study focuses on the construction and testing of a multipurpose solar dryer for agricultural products. The purpose of the dryer is to effectively dry the products to a safe level before storage. Considerations such as compact-ability, durability, and ease of loading and offloading were taken into account during the construction process. Additionally, the dryer was designed to be a hybrid system, allowing for continuous drying throughout the night. The testing phase aimed to compare the ambient conditions with the conditions achievable inside the dryer. The results showed that the relative humidity was higher in the early hours of the day but decreased as the temperature increased throughout the day. Furthermore, the maximum temperature recorded at the collector (48°C) exceeded the maximum ambient temperature (36°C). The production cost of the dryer was estimated to be 250,000 Naira.

DEVELOPMENT OF PALM KERNEL COMPOSITE-BASED EMERY POLISHING SHEET APPLIED IN METALLOGRAPHICAL LABORATORY OF WELDING AND FABRICATION ENGINEERING

B. N.G. Aliemeke — 2023-11-22

The emery paper used in metallographical laboratory had been successfully developed. It was developed from an agricultural waste product which was prepared into a composite. The developed composite was prepared using palm kernel shell, polyester resin, cobalt naphthalene and ethyl ketone peroxide. The composite specimen were subjected to mechanical testing techniques to determine its physical properties. The characterization tests carried out showed that the palm kernel consist majorly of 61.6% carbon and 30.48 oxygen .The hardness and wear rate tests carried out on the two grit sizes of 250μm and 420μm grains experimentally showed that the 250μm grit size grains had higher Rockwell hardness values and low wear rate than the 420μm grit size grains. Experimental yields showed that 18% and 38% of polyester resin attained wear rates of 1.5 mg/m and 0.7 mg/m respectively for the 250μm grit size while that for 420μm grit size yielded wear rates of 1.6mg/m and 0.8mg/m respectively. This was as attributed to the fine-grained nature of the 250μm grit size grain. An increase in the polyester resin resulted in high hardness values and low wear rate values which is as a result of the high binding strength of the resin.

ENHANCING USABILITY AND INTERACTION IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS THROUGH USER EXPERIENCE AND INTERFACE DESIGN: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION (HCI) IN EMBEDDED SYSTEM.

Bunmi Deborah Millennial-Oriagbo — 2023-11-22

Embedded systems, the technological backbone of modern devices and appliances, have become increasingly pervasive in our daily lives. As these systems power a plethora of devices, optimizing their usability and interaction has never been more crucial. This research embarks on an in-depth exploration into the realm of user experience (UX) and interface design within the domain of embedded systems, with the overarching aim of enhancing their usability and interactivity. The study synthesizes existing literature, methodologies, and best practices in UX and interface design, highlighting their applicability and adaptability in the context of embedded systems. Through a comprehensive analysis, it investigates the interplay between hardware constraints, software capabilities, and user-centric design principles, acknowledging the delicate balance required to create seamless and intuitive interfaces. Furthermore, this research advocates for a user-centred approach by delving into user expectations, cognitive processes, and behavioural patterns. By understanding how users interact with embedded systems, valuable insights are gleaned, paving the way for informed design decisions that prioritize user satisfaction and efficiency. Practical validation of these concepts is achieved through prototyping and usability testing, evaluating the efficacy of various design elements and their impact on the overall user experience. The findings obtained from these tests inform iterative design refinements, leading to a nuanced understanding of how interface design elements influence the usability of embedded systems. In conclusion, this study advocates for a harmonious integration of user-centred design principles and technological capabilities within embedded systems. By prioritizing usability and interaction, we aspire to create a paradigm shift that not only enhances the user experience but also promotes the widespread adoption and optimal utilization of embedded systems in our technologically interconnected world.

INVESTIGATING THE SOCIAL-ECONOMIC EFFECT OF SECURITY CHECK POINTS ON HIGHWAYS: A CASE STUDY OF A SECTION OF THE BENIN-AUCHI EXPRESSWAY

Osigbhemhe Anavberokhai Isah — 2023-11-22

Roads play a vital role in the development of a place as it enhances the transportation of goods and services and as well help in opening up areas to development. When effective transportation is hindered due to bad roads, bad vehicles, obstructions and delays due to road blocks, unethical taxation, etc, there is a socio-economic effect on both the road users and the nation at large. The need to ensure smooth and effective transportation therefore becomes a necessity for socio-economic growth of a nation. This research work is set out to investigate the socio-economic effect of security check points on highways using a section of the Benin-Auchi express way between Aviele and Agbede in Etsako West local government of Edo State as a case study. In actualizing the desired aim of this research, the researcher collected primary data from the different security check points between 6am to 5pm for a period of one week. The data collected include the total number of vehicles passing through each check point, the types of vehicles and the amount of money collected from each vehicle. The data collected showed that an average of six hundred and ninety-three vehicles pass through each of the security check point weekly and both the military and police check points collects about two hundred and ten million, two hundred and four thousand, eight hundred naira ( ₦210,204,800) annually along the route under survey. With the level of dilapidation of the road pavement that have caused hardship on the road users, the researchers concluded that the total amount of money realized along this route that goes into private pockets if paid into governmental purse will help improve the gross domestic product (GDP) of the country and the maintenance of the route will be successfully carried out hence providing good riding surface for motorist hence improve socio-economic benefit to both the motorist and the nation at large.

DEVELOPMENT OF MICRO–POROUS CERAMIC BRICKS IN PARTITIONING WALLS TO ENHANCE THERMAL COMFORT AND REDUCTION OF “DEAD LOAD” IN BUILDING USING LOCALLY SOURCED RAW MATERIALS

John Onofeagen Ohimai — 2023-11-07

This study adopted an experimental research design to develop, lightweight micro-porous ceramic bricks in partition walls with a view to enhancing thermal comfort as well as reduction of dead load in building. The sourced raw materials were formulated for the development of microporous brick through different laboratory experiment and fired to 1000oC. Formulated sample bricks were examined for compressive strength using the universal testing machine (UTM). Ultra radiator (UR) and thermal sensor was used to determine the thermal property while digital electronic weighing scale was used to determine the weight of sample bricks. The finding
revealed ball clay, laterite, rice husk could be used in the production of light weight brick with acceptable strength compressive strength of bricks for building. Better thermal and load bearing component in building compared to conventional sandcret bricks or blocks.